Peptide lexicon
SS-31 (Elamipretid)
Elamipretide, a cell-permeable tetrapeptide that accumulates in the inner mitochondrial membrane and binds the phospholipid cardiolipin.
| Substance class | Peptide |
|---|---|
| Sequence | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2 |
| CAS number | 736992-21-5 |
| Molecular formula | C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ |
| Molar mass | 639.8 g/mol |
| Synonyms | Elamipretid, MTP-131, Bendavia |
| PubChem | CID 11764719 |
Structure
SS-31 (D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) belongs to the Szeto-Schiller peptides. Alternating aromatic and basic residues and 2′,6′-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt) allow cell entry despite the positive charge.
Research focus
Studies examine stabilisation of cristae structure, the respiratory chain, formation of reactive oxygen species and models of mitochondrial, cardiac and renal disease. Elamipretide has been tested in several clinical trials.
Status
In 2025 elamipretide received accelerated approval in the USA for a rare mitochondrial disease; there is no authorisation in the EU.
Literature
- Elamipretide: First ApprovalDrugs, 2026 · PMID 41335372 · DOI 10.1007/s40265-025-02269-8
- Safety and Efficacy of Approved and Unapproved Peptide Therapies for Musculoskeletal Injuries and Athletic PerformanceSports Med, 2026 · PMID 41966639 · DOI 10.1007/s40279-026-02437-0
- Elamipretide: A Review of Its Structure, Mechanism of Action, and Therapeutic PotentialInt J Mol Sci, 2025 · PMID 39940712 · DOI 10.3390/ijms26030944
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction: The Silent Catalyst of Kidney Disease ProgressionCells, 2025 · PMID 40497970 · DOI 10.3390/cells14110794
- Application research of novel peptide mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant SS-31 in mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctionMitochondrion, 2024 · PMID 38237649 · DOI 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101846
